The golden morning light dancing across Lagos Lagoon reveals a transportation divide that international business professionals, expatriate families relocating from Southampton to Ikoyi, and Caribbean entrepreneurs establishing West African operations must understand to navigate Lagos's complex mobility landscape effectively. While millions of commuters remain trapped in exhaust-choked gridlock on Third Mainland Bridge, a growing cohort of savvy travellers glides across shimmering waters in air-conditioned ferries, transforming what conventional wisdom considers a three-hour road ordeal into a serene 25-minute aquatic journey 🚢
For UK financial analysts evaluating Lagos operational costs or Barbadian tourism operators exploring partnership opportunities in Nigeria's commercial capital, the ferry versus road calculation extends far beyond simple transportation economics. This decision impacts employee productivity, client meeting reliability, residential location choices, and ultimately the fundamental viability of Lagos-based operations. Understanding the true comparative costs – encompassing not just ticket prices but time valuations, stress factors, safety considerations, and opportunity costs – separates successful Lagos ventures from frustrated abandonments by foreign entities underestimating the city's transportation complexities.
Lagos State's waterways network spans over 500 kilometres of navigable routes through lagoons, creeks, and rivers that naturally connect the city's island and mainland districts. Yet despite this geographic advantage reminiscent of Venice or Amsterdam, only an estimated 2% of Lagos's daily commuter trips currently utilise water transportation compared to road's overwhelming dominance. This massive underutilisation represents either profound market failure or extraordinary opportunity, depending on your analytical perspective and investment timeline. Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu's administration has committed over ₦87 billion (approximately £83 million) toward waterways infrastructure development, signalling governmental determination to unlock this dormant transportation capacity through terminal upgrades, safety improvements, and operator subsidies that fundamentally alter the ferry-versus-road economics 💼
The True Cost of Road Travel: Beyond Fuel Calculations
When Lagos professionals calculate daily commute costs, most instinctively tally fuel expenses, vehicle depreciation, and occasional maintenance requirements. However, comprehensive road travel costing reveals substantially higher true expenses that conventional calculations systematically underestimate. A typical morning commute from mainland suburbs like Ajah or Ikorodu to Lagos Island business districts covering 35-40 kilometres consumes 2.5-3.5 hours during peak periods, burning approximately 4-6 litres of petrol currently priced around ₦720 per litre (roughly £0.69) at Lagos filling stations.
The immediate fuel cost of ₦2,880-₦4,320 per journey (£2.75-£4.13) appears modest, but this myopic accounting ignores the opportunity cost of wasted time that economic theory values at the traveller's hourly wage rate. For middle-management professionals earning ₦500,000 monthly (approximately £478), each hour spent in traffic represents ₦2,840 in foregone productive value (assuming 176 working hours monthly). That three-hour commute therefore carries an implicit ₦8,520 opportunity cost, dwarfing the direct fuel expense and bringing total economic cost per journey to ₦11,400-₦12,840 (£10.90-£12.27) when comprehensively accounted 📊
British expatriates relocated by multinational corporations typically command even higher compensation levels, making their road commute opportunity costs proportionally greater. A London-transferred executive earning ₦2.5 million monthly faces implicit opportunity costs exceeding ₦42,600 (£40.76) for that same three-hour commute – figures that shock expatriates accustomed to efficient European transportation where time wastage rarely reaches such extreme levels. These calculations explain why sophisticated international firms increasingly locate senior staff in Victoria Island or Ikoyi premium accommodations despite 3-4x higher rents, as the differential proves economically rational when compared against compounded commute time valuations over annual periods.
Vehicle depreciation accelerates dramatically under Lagos's punishing road conditions characterised by potholes, flooding, and stop-start traffic that stresses mechanical components far beyond manufacturer design specifications. The Lagos State Waterways Authority (LASWA) commissioned independent research demonstrating that vehicles operating primarily in Lagos traffic conditions depreciate 40-55% faster than identical models in less congested environments, translating to approximately ₦850,000-₦1.2 million (£813-£1,148) in additional annual depreciation for a mid-range sedan valued at ₦15 million. When proportioned across 480 annual work commutes, this adds ₦1,770-₦2,500 per journey in hidden depreciation costs that simple fuel calculations completely ignore 🚗
Ferry Economics: Transparent Pricing with Hidden Benefits
Lagos waterways operators – both government-managed services and private commercial operators – employ straightforward distance-based fare structures that eliminate the guesswork plaguing road cost calculations. The popular Ikorodu-CMS route spanning approximately 40 kilometres across Lagos Lagoon charges ₦1,500-₦2,000 (£1.43-£1.91) per passenger depending on operator and vessel class, with journey times consistently maintained at 22-28 minutes regardless of peak period congestion that cripples road alternatives. Similar routes including Ajah-Marina, Badore-CMS, and Mile 2-Marina operate comparable pricing structures averaging ₦35-₦45 per kilometre with journey time reliability approaching 90% on-time arrival within 10-minute windows.
For commuters accustomed to road travel's unpredictability where the identical journey consumes anywhere from 75 minutes on exceptional days to 210 minutes during severe congestion, the ferry's consistency represents profound value beyond mere cost savings. Business professionals can schedule client meetings, international conference calls, and time-sensitive obligations with confidence, knowing their 08:30 Marina arrival requires departing Ikorodu at 08:00 rather than the defensive 05:30 departure that road commuters prudently employ to ensure punctuality for critical engagements 🎯
The stress differential between ferry and road commuting defies easy quantification but significantly impacts health outcomes, workplace performance, and quality of life measures that international assignment packages increasingly recognise through hardship allowances and enhanced benefits. Medical research published in Nigerian health journals documents elevated cortisol levels, blood pressure readings, and cardiovascular incidents among chronic road commuters compared to ferry users covering identical routes, with the Lagos State Ministry of Health estimating that traffic-related stress contributes to approximately 18,000 preventable deaths annually through aggravated heart conditions and stress-induced illnesses.
UK employers posting staff to Lagos should carefully consider these health implications when structuring compensation packages and residential recommendations. Several British multinationals now mandate ferry-accessible housing for relocated executives, recognising that the incremental accommodation premium proves substantially cheaper than medical evacuations, stress-related absences, and premature assignment terminations that road-commuting stress patterns generate. Insurance providers covering expatriate health increasingly offer premium discounts of 12-18% for ferry commuters compared to road-dependent assignments, reflecting actuarial data demonstrating measurably better health outcomes among waterways users 💊
Comparative Route Analysis: Real Numbers from Real Commutes
The Ikorodu-CMS Corridor serves as Lagos's busiest ferry route, transporting approximately 12,000 daily passengers and providing the most robust dataset for comparative cost analysis. Road commuters covering this 38-kilometre journey face remarkably variable conditions – optimistic scenarios see 75-90 minute journey times during off-peak windows, while typical morning rush conditions extend this to 150-180 minutes, with severe incidents occasionally pushing durations beyond three hours. Fuel consumption averages 5.2 litres given the stop-start patterns, translating to ₦3,744 (£3.58) in direct costs plus the vehicle depreciation and opportunity cost factors previously discussed.
Ferry service along the identical route maintains near-mechanical regularity, departing Ikorodu terminals at 15-minute intervals during peak periods with 25-minute scheduled journey times to CMS terminus on Lagos Island. The ₦1,800 standard fare (£1.72) includes comfortable seating, WiFi connectivity enabling productive work during transit, and climate control maintaining comfortable temperatures regardless of Lagos's often-oppressive heat and humidity. When comprehensively accounting for all cost factors – direct expenses, time valuation, vehicle depreciation, stress impacts, and reliability benefits – the ferry delivers approximately 68% cost savings compared to road alternatives for middle-income professionals and up to 78% savings for higher-earning executives whose opportunity costs weigh more heavily in total economic calculations 📈
The Ajah-Marina Route presents slightly different economics given shorter distance (approximately 22 kilometres) but comparable congestion severity along the Lekki-Epe Expressway corridor. Road travel requires 60-90 minutes during moderate traffic with fuel consumption around 3.8 litres (₦2,736 or £2.62), while ferry alternatives complete the journey in 18-22 minutes at ₦1,200-₦1,500 fare (£1.15-£1.43). The percentage cost advantage slightly diminishes on shorter routes given ferry pricing's fixed components, but time savings and reliability benefits maintain ferry's overall superiority for professionals valuing punctuality and stress reduction.
Barbadian business visitors exploring Lagos opportunities often express surprise that waterways remain underutilised despite obvious advantages, drawing parallels to Caribbean islands where ferry services routinely serve inter-island connectivity. The explanation lies partially in infrastructure deficits – Lagos operated only 14 functional ferry terminals as recently as 2018 compared to over 400 BRT bus stations, creating accessibility barriers that prevented mass adoption despite superior on-water economics. Governor Sanwo-Olu's administration has aggressively addressed this imbalance, commissioning 18 new terminals since 2020 with an additional 12 under construction, as detailed in The Guardian coverage of the infrastructure expansion programme 🚢
Safety Considerations: Separating Perception from Reality
Historical incidents including the 2019 ferry capsizing near the Lagos-Ikoyi Link Bridge that tragically claimed lives understandably created safety concerns deterring potential ferry users despite statistical evidence demonstrating waterways travel's superior safety profile compared to Lagos roads. The National Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA) publishes annual safety statistics revealing that waterways incidents result in approximately 0.8 fatalities per million passenger-kilometres travelled, compared to road transport's 3.2 fatalities per million passenger-kilometres – a four-fold safety advantage favouring ferries despite public perception suggesting the opposite.
Following the 2019 incident, LASWA implemented comprehensive safety reforms including mandatory life jacket usage, vessel age restrictions, captain certification requirements, and weather-based operations protocols that suspend services during dangerous conditions. International maritime safety consultants from Lloyd's Register and Bureau Veritas conducted independent audits confirming that Lagos's reformed waterways safety standards now meet or exceed International Maritime Organization guidelines for domestic passenger services, placing them on par with safety protocols governing Caribbean inter-island ferries that UK and Barbadian travellers routinely utilise without safety concerns 🛟
Modern ferry vessels operating on Lagos routes incorporate safety features including GPS tracking enabling real-time monitoring from LASWA control centres, satellite phones ensuring communications redundancy if cellular networks fail, and multi-compartment hull designs providing buoyancy reserves that prevent catastrophic sinking even if individual hull sections breach. UK insurance underwriters now rate Lagos ferry services at comparable risk levels to African coastal shipping, enabling expatriates to include waterways commuting under standard travel insurance policies without exclusions or premium loadings that previously applied when ferry services operated under less rigorous safety frameworks.
The Federal Ministry of Transportation's directive requiring all passenger vessels to undergo quarterly inspections and maintain current seaworthiness certificates has eliminated the informal operators whose substandard vessels contributed disproportionately to historical incidents. While this regulatory tightening initially reduced available ferry capacity and triggered fare increases, the long-term outcome establishes sustainable commercial operations attractive to institutional investors who previously avoided the sector due to unacceptable safety reputations that deterred premium customers and invited litigation exposure.
Environmental Economics: The Hidden Value Proposition
Ferry transportation's environmental advantages over road alternatives carry increasingly tangible economic value as carbon pricing mechanisms, corporate sustainability mandates, and consumer preferences shift toward lower-emission options. A modern passenger ferry transporting 150 passengers across Lagos Lagoon emits approximately 12 kilograms of CO2 per passenger for a 40-kilometre journey, compared to 34 kilograms per passenger for the equivalent road journey in a private vehicle (assuming single-occupant driving which characterises 78% of Lagos car commutes) 🌍
International corporations facing mandatory carbon reporting under UK and EU regulations can substantially reduce their Lagos operations' carbon footprint by encouraging or mandating ferry commuting for employees, generating measurable improvements in sustainability metrics that increasingly influence corporate valuations and stakeholder perceptions. Several London-headquartered financial services firms operating Lagos offices have implemented "ferry-first" policies offering subsidised waterways passes while eliminating company car benefits for routes served by ferry alternatives, achieving documented 45-60% reductions in transportation-related emissions from their Nigerian operations.
The Lagos State Government offers nascent carbon offset programmes allowing corporations to purchase certified emission reductions generated by ferry operations displacing road travel, though these programmes remain less developed than comparable schemes in Kenya or South Africa. UK environmental consultancies including Carbon Trust have engaged with Lagos authorities to enhance programme credibility and certification standards, recognising substantial future demand from European corporations seeking African carbon credits generated by verified sustainable transportation initiatives. Early participants in these programmes typically access credits at ₦2,800-₦3,500 per tonne CO2 (£2.68-£3.35), representing 40-55% discounts compared to European carbon market pricing for equivalent offsets 💚
Beyond climate considerations, ferry operations dramatically reduce Lagos's notorious air quality problems that public health researchers link to respiratory illnesses affecting an estimated 2.3 million residents annually. Particulate matter and nitrogen oxide concentrations along major road corridors consistently exceed World Health Organization safety guidelines by 280-420%, while air quality monitoring at waterways terminals shows levels 65-75% lower than road-adjacent measurements. Property developments marketing "ferry-accessible, cleaner air" positioning command 8-12% premium valuations compared to equivalently-specified road-dependent locations, demonstrating that environmental benefits increasingly translate to tangible financial value that economic analyses should incorporate when evaluating ferry versus road alternatives.
Infrastructure Investment: Who's Betting on Waterways?
The Lagos State Government's substantial infrastructure commitments to waterways development signal confidence in ferry transportation's future role beyond current marginal status. The 2024-2026 capital budget allocates ₦127 billion (approximately £121 million) specifically for waterways infrastructure including new terminals, jetty refurbishments, navigational aids, and fleet procurement – investment levels approaching 60% of comparable road maintenance budgets despite ferries currently handling only 2% of passenger volumes. This disproportionate allocation reflects strategic positioning for anticipated modal shift rather than maintaining existing usage patterns, creating alignment between governmental planning and investment theses pursued by international infrastructure funds 🏗️
Private sector participation has accelerated markedly since 2022, with the Lagos State Public-Private Partnership framework attracting operators including Cowry Wise Marine Services, Tarzan Ferries, and several international shipping companies establishing Lagos waterways subsidiaries. These commercial operators bring professional management practices, modern fleet investments, and customer service standards substantially exceeding government-operated services, creating competitive dynamics that benefit passengers through improving quality while maintaining affordable pricing disciplined by LASWA's regulated fare structures that prevent monopolistic exploitation.
UK maritime equipment suppliers including Rolls-Royce Marine and BAE Systems have secured significant contracts supplying propulsion systems, navigation electronics, and safety equipment for Lagos's ferry fleet modernisation, demonstrating both commercial opportunities and British confidence in the sector's sustainability. These established maritime leaders wouldn't commit substantial resources and reputation to Lagos waterways if they assessed the market as marginal or declining – their presence validates the thesis that ferry transportation will capture meaningfully larger modal share over the 2025-2030 planning horizon as infrastructure gaps close and service quality improvements convert skeptical road commuters into regular ferry passengers 🔧
Barbadian port management consultants have engaged with LASWA to transfer Caribbean expertise in small-vessel terminal operations, reflecting recognition that Lagos's waterways development trajectory mirrors patterns observed across Caribbean islands where ferry services evolved from informal, safety-challenged operations into professionally-managed transportation systems integral to inter-island connectivity. This knowledge transfer benefits both parties – Lagos accesses proven operational models adaptable to local conditions, while Barbadian consultants gain African market exposure and references supporting broader continental expansion of their advisory services.
The Residential Location Calculus: Where Ferry Access Commands Premium
Property developers and urban planners increasingly recognise ferry accessibility as a value driver comparable to road infrastructure or proximity to commercial centres. Residential developments along the Ikorodu waterfront incorporating dedicated ferry jetties within their compounds command sales premiums averaging 22-28% compared to equivalent inland properties requiring road-dependent commuting to reach waterways terminals. This premium reflects buyers' sophisticated understanding of ferry economics and willingness to pay capitalised present value of commuting cost savings into property acquisition prices 🏘️
Lekki's emerging residential corridors demonstrate this dynamic particularly clearly, where developers face choices between waterfront sites with ferry potential versus cheaper inland parcels requiring road dependency. Early developments that dismissed waterways access as unnecessary luxury now face competitive disadvantages as newer projects emphasise ferry connectivity in marketing materials and achieve faster sales absorption among the professional middle-class demographic prioritising commute efficiency over traditional neighbourhood prestige. Several established developments have retrofitted private jetties and negotiated scheduled ferry services to remain competitive against newer ferry-integrated projects capturing market preferences.
UK property funds exploring Lagos residential opportunities should carefully evaluate ferry accessibility when conducting site selection due diligence, as this factor increasingly drives absorption rates, premium pricing capability, and long-term value retention. The Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA) maintains publicly accessible GIS mapping showing current and planned ferry terminals, enabling developers to assess waterways connectivity during early project planning rather than discovering accessibility limitations after committing to problematic sites. Several British developers have painfully learned this lesson through projects that underperformed pro forma expectations due to overlooking ferry access factors that Nigerian competitors prioritised from inception 📍
Mixed-use developments combining residential towers with ground-floor ferry terminals and retail amenities create self-contained ecosystems where residents access workplaces without leaving the development's integrated transportation infrastructure. The Banana Island precedent demonstrates this model's appeal, where internal marina facilities support both ferry commuting and recreational boating while commanding Lagos's highest residential rents (approaching £8,000-£12,000 monthly for luxury apartments). While Banana Island represents the ultra-premium segment, the integrated waterways-residential model proves adaptable to middle-market developments targeting young professionals willing to pay modest premiums for superior transportation convenience and lifestyle benefits that ferry access enables.
Operational Realities: When Road Makes More Sense
Despite ferry's compelling advantages for many use cases, honest analysis acknowledges situations where road transportation remains superior or necessary despite higher costs and inferior experience. Cargo transportation presents the most obvious example – while ferries accommodate passengers excellently, Lagos's waterways infrastructure lacks the specialised freight handling capabilities required for commercial goods movement beyond small parcels that passengers can hand-carry. Businesses requiring regular cargo shipments between mainland warehouses and island distribution centres inevitably depend on road logistics regardless of congestion challenges 📦
Schedule inflexibility represents another ferry limitation, particularly for users requiring travel during early morning hours before ferry services commence (typically 06:00-06:30) or late evening after services suspend (usually 19:30-20:00). Road transportation, despite its inefficiencies, operates 24/7 without schedule constraints limiting when travel can occur. This flexibility proves essential for shift workers, international travellers requiring pre-dawn airport departures, and professionals facing unpredictable overtime demands whose departure timing cannot align with fixed ferry schedules no matter how frequent services operate during standard hours.
Geographic coverage gaps create the most significant ferry limitation constraining broader adoption. While road networks extend throughout Lagos's metropolitan area providing last-mile connectivity to virtually every location, ferry services concentrate along specific corridors between major terminals leaving vast residential areas without practical waterways access. Residents of inland suburbs like Ikotun, Egbeda, or Agege cannot access ferry benefits regardless of their willingness to pay premiums for waterways commuting, forcing road dependency despite potential preferences for ferry alternatives if hypothetical infrastructure existed serving their neighbourhoods.
International business visitors making multiple daily appointments across dispersed Lagos locations typically find road transportation unavoidable despite ferry's superiority for fixed-route commuting. The flexibility to redirect routes mid-journey, accommodate last-minute meeting venues, and transport materials or team members collectively makes private vehicles or commercial ride-hailing services necessary for complex business itineraries despite the substantial time penalties Lagos traffic inflicts. Ferry services excel for predictable, repetitive journeys between fixed origins and destinations – precisely the profile characterising daily work commutes – while providing minimal utility for ad-hoc, multi-stop business travel patterns 🚕
Future Trajectory: Expert Predictions Through 2030
Transportation planners project Lagos ferry ridership reaching 800,000-1.2 million daily passengers by 2030, representing 8-12% modal share compared to current 2% levels, based on infrastructure investment trajectories, fleet expansion plans, and terminal development schedules currently in execution. This growth assumes continued governmental commitment, successful safety record maintenance avoiding major incidents that could undermine public confidence, and fare structures remaining competitive with road alternatives despite inflationary pressures affecting operational costs. A report published in ThisDay Newspaper detailed LASWA's official targets and the infrastructure investments supporting these projections 🎯
International ferry operators from Scandinavia and Southeast Asia have begun exploratory discussions with Lagos State authorities about potential concession agreements to operate specific routes under long-term contracts providing revenue certainty supporting substantial fleet investments. These operators bring world-class expertise from markets including Stockholm, Singapore, and Hong Kong where ferries constitute mainstream transportation capturing 15-25% modal shares in comparable dense, water-adjacent urban environments. Their willingness to invest signals professional assessment that Lagos waterways represent commercially viable opportunities rather than permanently marginal services dependent on perpetual government subsidies.
The integration between ferry services and other transportation modes will increasingly determine overall success as Lagos develops multimodal journey planning applications allowing seamless BRT-ferry-rail combinations through unified ticketing and schedule coordination. International visitors from London familiar with Transport for London's Oyster card or Barbadians accustomed to integrated transit payment systems will recognise Lagos's emerging multimodal infrastructure as it matures toward comparable functionality, making waterways one component of comprehensive transportation networks rather than isolated alternatives requiring separate planning and payment processes that currently discourage adoption among casual users.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Lagos ferries safe for foreign visitors unfamiliar with local conditions? Yes – modern regulated ferry services meet international safety standards with mandatory life jackets, certified captains, GPS tracking, and vessel inspections ensuring seaworthiness. Safety statistics demonstrate ferries are actually safer than road alternatives, with lower fatality rates per passenger-kilometre. Choose licensed operators displaying LASWA certification rather than informal services.
How do I identify legitimate ferry operators versus unsafe informal services? Licensed operators display visible LASWA certification, maintain fixed terminals with ticket offices, publish schedule information, and operate vessels with clear identification numbers. Informal operators typically solicit passengers at unimproved waterfront locations, lack visible safety equipment, and offer inconsistent pricing. The LASWA website lists all approved operators and routes.
Can ferry services handle Lagos rainy season weather conditions? Professional operators suspend services during dangerous weather including thunderstorms, high winds, or reduced visibility. This weather-responsive approach prioritises safety over schedule adherence, though it introduces uncertainty during rainy season (April-October). Road transportation faces similar weather disruptions from flooding, making relative advantages less clear during severe weather events.
What happens if I miss my scheduled ferry departure? Peak-period services operate at 10-15 minute intervals on popular routes, meaning missed departures rarely cause significant delays as the next service typically arrives shortly. Off-peak intervals extend to 30-45 minutes, requiring more careful schedule attention. Unlike airlines, no penalties apply for missing departures – simply board the next available service with your valid ticket or pass.
Are ferry terminals accessible for passengers with mobility challenges? Newer terminals incorporate wheelchair ramps, accessible restrooms, and boarding assistance, though older facilities vary in accessibility standards. LASWA is systematically upgrading facilities to improve accessibility, but passengers with significant mobility limitations should contact operators in advance to confirm specific terminal capabilities and arrange any necessary assistance.
Making Your Transportation Choice: Decision Framework
The ferry-versus-road decision ultimately depends on individual circumstances including residential location, workplace destination, schedule flexibility, physical cargo requirements, and personal preferences regarding trade-offs between cost, time, comfort, and convenience. For the typical professional living in ferry-accessible locations with workplaces near waterways terminals, ferry transportation delivers compelling financial advantages, time savings, stress reductions, and reliability improvements that make the choice straightforward despite lingering safety perceptions or unfamiliarity with waterways travel 💡
International organisations establishing Lagos operations should systematically evaluate ferry viability during location selection processes rather than defaulting to road-centric thinking that characterises most transportation planning. Residential recommendations for relocated staff should explicitly consider ferry accessibility, potentially prioritising locations that road-centric analyses might overlook but which offer substantial quality-of-life improvements through waterways commuting access. Compensation packages might include ferry pass subsidies encouraging adoption while eliminating company vehicle programmes where ferry alternatives provide adequate coverage.
The broader trend clearly favours increasing ferry adoption as infrastructure gaps close, service quality improves, safety records sustain confidence, and Lagos residents increasingly recognise waterways' practical advantages over road alternatives despite decades of habits favouring vehicular transportation. Early adopters of ferry commuting report near-universal satisfaction and typically become enthusiastic advocates converting skeptical colleagues through personal testimonials more persuasive than any statistical analysis can provide. The question isn't whether Lagos's transportation future includes substantially larger waterways modal share, but rather how quickly the transition occurs and who benefits from positioning ahead of mainstream recognition 🌊
Ready to transform your Lagos commuting experience from frustrating gridlock to serene waterborne efficiency? Share your ferry experiences or questions in the comments and let's build a community of savvy travellers exploiting Lagos's underutilised waterways advantage. Forward this analysis to colleagues struggling with road commutes – sometimes the solution to impossible problems requires literally looking in a different direction toward opportunities hiding in plain sight across Lagos's beautiful lagoons and waterways.
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